The atmosphere-ocean general circulation model ECHAM4/HOPE is used for climate change and climate variability studies. In order to study the response of the model to external forcing, a forced simulation with the estimated historical values of the solar constant and the concentrations of CO2 and methane for the period 1500 to 1990 A. D. has been performed. The estimations of volcanic activity have also been taken into account through changes in the effective solar constant by the effect of volcanic aerosols. The integration starts in the year 1465, corresponding to model year 174. During a period of 35 years the solar constant, and the concentrations of CO2 and methane are changed from present-day values to the estimated ones corresponding to historical year 1500 A.D. After this spin up period (1465-1499) the yearly evolution of external forcing and greenhouse gas concentrations follow the values of the available estimations for 1500 to 1990 A. D. The variation of the effective solar constant has been taken form Crowley (2000) and the changes of CO2 and CH4 from Etheridge et al. (1996) and Blunier et al.(1995), respectively. The ECHAM4 and the HOPE model are described in the MPI report. No. 218 and the DKRZ report No. 13, respectively. Technical details about the coupling of both models are given in the DKRZ report No. 18. Location of model raw data: schauer.dkrz.de:/pf/g/g262015/echam4_t30/64501_c01/output[17-69]
complete; years 1831-1840 - corresponding to grib header years 28-37 - have been...
Description
complete; years 1831-1840 - corresponding to grib header years 28-37 - have been missing before 21-NOV-2002. contact investigator for access permission